Cell Structure

Controls cell's activity

Nucleus Envelope

Allow and control exchange between nucleus and cytoplasm

Nucleolus

Makes rRNA & ribosomes

Sites of protein synthesis

Synthesis of ATP

Site of photosynthesis

Granum

Thylakoids

Stroma

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Form transport vesicles

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Makes lipids & steroids

Stores water, ions, pigments, enzymes, sugars, other organic compounds

Regulate osmotic properties of cells

Tonoplast

Controls exchange between the vacuole and the cytoplasm

Modifications of Proteins

Form glycoproteins

Transport, modifies, stores lipids

Produces secretory enzyme

Autolysis

Breakdown of unwanted/worn out organelles

Digest material ingested

By phagocytic cells

Form centrosome

Form spindle fibres during nuclear division

Make up cytoskeleton

Maintain cell shape

Controls exchange of substances

Form recognition site

Protein acts as receptor site

Folded to form microvilli

Helps cells attach to one another

Cell Adhesion

Prevents cell from bursting when water enters by osmosis

Gives cell a definite shape

Acts as intercellular cytoplasmic bridges

Facilitate communication and transport of materials

Centrioles

Ribosomes

Microtubules

Nucleolus

Lysosome

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Golgi Apparatus

Vacuole

Mitochondria

Chloroplast

Nucleus

Polymers of Sugars

Monosaccharides

Triose (3C)

Pentose (5C)

Ribose

Hexose (6C)

Fructose

Glucose

Disaccharides

Maltose

glucose + glucose

Sucrose

glucose + fructose

Lactose

glucose + galactose

Polysaccharides

Starch

Amylose

unbranched

helical structure

Amylopectin

branched

chain

Glycogen

Highly branched

An energy store

Cellulose

Subtopic

made from the monomers amino acids

Amino Acids

Soluble in water

good pH buffer

Triglycerides

3 fatty acids

1 glycerol

Phospholipids

1 glycerol

2 fatty acids

1 phosphate group