Grammar

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Action or Linking Verb?

por amera nashef

Personal pronouns

por José Iriarte

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

por Paula Navarrete

Punctuation Marks

por Alejandro Cortés

If you can insert "to be" in the sentence, it is probably 9 or 10, like in the sentence, "He considered Anne his lover," you can insert "to be" in front of lover

Extra Notes that are helpful to have

Adverbial Objective: A word typically used as a noun but functioning within a sentence as an adverb - pg. 85 *I walked home *When mapped, it looks like an indirect object, going under the verb with the slanty L shape, nothing goes on the part where a preposition would usually go

Common English: Mr. Stark… I don’t feel so good… Standard English: Mr. Stark… I don’t feel so well...

Phrasal verb: *Verb + particle *Ex: Verb = Throw, Particle = down, up, away > throw down, throw up, throw away

Random tips: *the straight line rather than slanted line only happens when verb is transitive or intransitive *If you are putting something under verb in sentence diagramming, it means that it modifies the whole sentence, meaning you can stick that phrase in the beginning or ending of the sentence and still have it make sense

PEDESTAL NEEDED WHEN: 1) Prep phrase needed for sentence to make sense 2) Can be replaced by a single word *NOTE that pedestals will only be found in 2, 4, and 10*

PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE just means a preposition that’s not one word, like a portion of a sentence. Prepositions are the ones that could be done to a box, next to, inside, on, etc.

*Anything following the word “of” is gonna be a prep. phrase *Will have a noun inside *If you find a random noun you don’t know what to do with, check around it, it might be a prep. phrase

PREDICATE just means the section of a sentence that has the verb in it, and states something about the subject

Objective Complement (9&10)

*Definition: An adjective or noun that modifies or renames the direct object *Can insert “to be” in front of it *Test: -Necessary to sentence meaning -Must rename or modify the direct object *If it is a prep. Phrase, goes on a pedestal

Indirect Object

*Answers one of six questions: to whom? For whom? Of whom? To what? For what? If you take it out, the sentence can still make sense *Always gonna be underneath verb as the “L” shaped slanty noun thing

Direct Object

*Answers the question “whom” or “what” after the verb, if you take it out, sentence no longer makes sense *Always gonna follow verb with the straight line thing

Step 3: Identify the sentence pattern

10) Subject - transitive verb - direct object - noun (objective complement)

Notes: *S - tv - do - n *Can have the floating “as” thingy *The king considered Anne a beauty

9) Subject - transitive verb - direct object - adjective (objective complement)

Notes: *S - tv - do - adj *The king considered Anne beautiful *Can have a pedestal *Can have the floating “as” thingy

8) Subject - transitive verb - indirect object - direct object

Notes: *S - tv - io - do *If you see 2 nouns in a row, it’s probably this one *The king gave Anne his love

7) Subject - transitive verb - direct object

Notes: *S - tv - do *The king proclaimed the news

6) Subject - intransitive verb

Notes: *S - itv *Just like in pattern 1, nothing follows verb on top line, goes underneath verb instead *The king coughed

5) Subject - linking verb - predicate noun (subjective complement)

Notes: *S - lv - pn *The king became a tyrant

4) Subject - linking verb - predicate adjective (subjective complement)

Notes: *S - lv - pa *Can have a pedestal *The king seems unhappy

3) Subject - "be" verb - predicate noun (subjective complement)

Notes: *S - be - pn *The king is a friend

2) Subject - "be" verb - predicate adjective (subjective complement)

Notes: *S - be - pa *Can have a pedestal *The king will be generous

1) Subject - "be" verb - adverb of time or place

Notes: *S - be - adv/tp *Nothing follows verb on top line, it goes underneath the verb instead *EX: The king is here, or, The king is on the throne

Diagramming Sentences

Step 1: Mark up the sentence

Step 2: Identify the type of verb

If there is an object after the verb, it is a transitive verb

Is there an object after the verb? If not, it is an intransitive verb, but if so, see the next verb type

Could the verb be replaced with a form of "be"? If yes, it is a linking verb, if no, continue on to the next verb type

Is the verb a "be" verb? If no, go to the next step

Be verbs: Is Am Are Was Were Be Being Been

Put parentheses around prepositional phrases

Underline verb twice

Underline Subject once