Trade Barriers
Landed Cost: is the total price of a product or shipment once it has arrived. It includes the original price of the product, transportation fees etc.For example: JSW Steel has offered to supply steel to engineering companies with a landing cost of imports that dis-includes custom duty under advance license mechanism.
Excise Taxes: are taxes paid when purchases are made on a specific good. They often include the price of the product. For example: Ottawa tweaks excise taxes for cannabis edibles and extracts as they are not generating enough revenue expected from legalization of Marijuana.
Currency Fluctuations: arise from the floating exchange rate system.The exchange rate can be dependent on currencies relative to supply and demand, economic growth etc.For example: Turkey has to cut interest rates and if not the problem of high inflation will increase. Turkey is blaming the US for these fluctuations of manipulating lira rates.
Standards: are the set limits/rule or specifications a business must meet to deliver products and manufacture them accordingly. An acceptable benchmark. For example: new standards have been put on non alcoholic beverages in the market.
Tariffs:are the taxes put on certain imports. Canadian products could be taxed much lower. An example would be:in Washington,issued a seven page list of EU products to target for tariffs,such as,aircraft, dairy and wine.
Subsides: a sum of money granted by the government to assist industries/business so the price/commodity can stay low or competitive. For example:the supreme court rejected a petition from an electric trade group that challenged nuclear pant subsides to reduce green house gas emissions.
