Regional Studies/
South America

Argentina

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Traditionally goberned by an oligarchy

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Was based on growing wheat and cattle, all with the suppor of the army.

One of the most
famous presidents:
Juan Domingo Peron
(1946)

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Was elected with the support of the workers and middle class.

Established an
authoritarian and
populist regime

Military took power
(1976 and 1982)

1976

Not successful in economic terms

Lots of "desaparecidos"

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"Desaparecidos": people who went missing under the dictatorial regime without a record of their whereabouts.

Military hunta headed
by: General Videla

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He was dictatorial, prosecuted anyone who opposed it.

Dictatorial, prosecuted
anyone who opposed it

1982

Conflict with
Great Britain:
Falkand Isles

Argentina lose

Reputation of military
government damaged
irreparably

Democratic process

Raul Alfonsin
(1983)

High hopes

Huge
economic
problems

Cristina
Fernandez
de Kirchner
(2011)

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She caused some controversy because of the possibility of her candidacy being an extension of her husband's power.

First female
president in
Argentina

Wife of former president

Brazil

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Born as a result of Portuguese colonization.

Militar dictatorship (1964 - 1985)

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Caused by political and social inestability

Fernando Collor de Mello (1989)

Won first direct elections

Lula da Silva (2002)

Economy stayed open, regulated while
regulating the flow of capitals

First leftist to arrive presidency

Become South America's largest economy (2008)

Chile

Presidents

Salvador Allende (1970)

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Member of the social party.

Augusto Pinochet (1973)

Dictatorship, that
used, repression
to control the
population.

Introduction to neoliberalism model

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One of the first countries in Latin America to neoliberalism.

Michelle Bachelet (2006)

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She was a socialist and a divorcee

First female president of
the country

Protests: especially
from students
demanding better
education

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After this, she regained popularity thanks to an increase in the price of the cooper.

Sebastian Piñera (2010)

First conservative
before Pinochet

Two weeks before inauguration
an 8.8 earthquake hit Chile

Venezuela

Was not affected by dictatorship

Has lived uninterrumped democracy since 1958

Presidents

Luis Herrera Campins

Decreased exports, increases inflation and unemployment

Carlos Andres Perez

Decreased exports, increases inflation and unemployment

Hugo Chavez (1998)

Populist regime with high expenses on education and food

Controversial because relation with Cuba and Iran

Nationalization of:

Petroleum

Telecommunications

Electricity

Steel

Subtopic

He can reelect this year

Peru

Juan Velasco Alvarado (1968)

Nationalistic
government

Promoted an
agrarian and
educational
reform

Military took control (1975)

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Was fueled by an economic crisis.

A civil government returned
in 1980 with: Fernando
Belaunde Terry

Shining path: Revolutionary
organization that embraced
Maoism and guerrilla tactics.

Presidents

Alan Garcia (1985)

During his presidency,
the insurgence problem
grows

He is reelected after
Alejandro Toledo, he
still faces low approval
and criticisms

Alejandro Toledo (2001)

First indigenous president of the country

Colombia

Elite of coffee plantation owners

Period "La Violencia" (1946 - 1964)

Confrontation between
Liberals and Conservatives

ELN and FARC were created

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ELN: "Ejercito de Liberacion Nacional"FARC: "Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia"

At some point, 70% of
the marihuana imported
to the United States
came from Colombia

In the 70's, the importance of Colombia
as a drug supplier grew immensely

Presidents

Edgar Gaviria (1990)

He was from the liberal party.

During his term, the fight
against cartels and to stop
violence were approached
in a more direct way

Alvaro Uribe (2002 - 2010)

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He was first elected to gobern from 2002 - 2006. He was reelected on the period 2006 - 2010.

Started a strong fight
against cartels and
guerrillas

Juan Manuel de los Santos (2010 - ...)

He was the former defense
minister of Alvaro Uribe

Bolivia

Political inestability

Between 1978-1982,
"ten different governments
were in charge of the country

Presidents

Paz Estenssoro (1985)

Implemented strict
measures against
hyperinflation, because
they had the highest
inflation rate in the world

Paz Zamora (1989)

He continued with the
same policies, he emphasized
the domestic production of
food and raw materials

Sanchez de Lozada (2002)

Strong recession, forced
to ressign one year later

Evo Morales (2005)

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Leftist reformist .

Leftist reformist.
First indingenous
descent president
of Bolivia

More taxes for
the wealthier
population

More rights for the indigenous communities

Nationalization of the
oil industry in 2006 and
also railroads and mines

He reformed the constitution and reelected in 2009

Poorest country in SouthAmerica