Animal systems
Circulatory System
Closed Transport System
circulates in one direction
Open Transport System
insets heart pumps a single circular vessel
Respiratory System
4 stages
4. Cellular Respiration
perform various functions in the body
3. Internal Respiration
Exchange of gases between blood and cell tissue
2. External Respiration
Exchange of gases between lungs and blood
1. Breathing
air enters leaves the lungs
Digestive systems
Structures
Gallbladder
stores bile
Liver
detoxifying blood
Small intestine
breakdown and absorption of remaining proteins and carbohydrates
Large intestine
stores wastes so minerals and vitamins can be absorbed
Stomach
food storage
Esophogus
where food travels
Mouth
breaks down food and lubricates it
4 stages of digestion
Elimination: removal of waste food materials
Absorption: transport of digested nutrients to tissues
Digestion: breakdown of complex organic molecules into smaller components by enzymes
ingestion: Taking the nutrients
Types of digestion
Chemical: enzymes and water break down food so it is absorbed
Physical/Mechanicalbreaks down food into smaller pieces using teeth
Minerals and vitamins
Minerals: bodies need to develop and function normally
Vitamins: Does not obtain energy but can assist with energy related processes
Energy
Proteins: provide structure and support
Carbohydrates: needed by all body cells as energy so nerve cells can operate
Lipids: used for storing energy,
Three main digestive enzymes
Lipase: fat breaks into fatty acids and glycerol
Protease: breaks protein into amino acids
Amylase: breaks starch into glucose
